Association between arterial hypertension and periodontitis in a Senegalese population: A bi-centric case-control study

• Author Details:   
• Mouhamadou Lamine Guirassy ^*
• Ahmad Moustapha Diallo
• Diabel Thiam
• Amadou Dieng
• Adam Seck-Diallo
• Henri Michel Benoist

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Background: Some studies suggest a link between Periodontitis and hypertension that are chronic conditions of which underlying implications are not well understood. The aim of this was to investigate the association between Periodontitis and Arterial Hypertension in a Sub-Saharan population.

Materials and Methods: This was a bi-centric, analytical case-control study carried out on a sample of 224 patients (112 cases and 112 controls). Hypertensive Periodontitis patients formed the first group, while the second group consisted of non-hypertensive Periodontitis subjects. Periodontal parameters as probing depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level were assessed according to 2018’s classification of periodontal diseases. Arterial Hypertension diagnosis corresponded to Systolic Blood Pressure ≥140 mm Hg/ Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥90 mm Hg. A stepwise degressive multivariate logistic regression model was used.

Results: Half of the hypertensive patients had Periodontitis 50% (n=56) versus 32.14% (n=36) in controls. The majority of hypertensive patients (67.85%) had Stage 3 Periodontitis, while only 13% had Stage 4 Periodontitis. Grade C and B Periodontitis were diagnosed in 12.5% and 87.5% of hypertensive patients respectively. A significant link was found between Arterial Hypertension and Periodontitis (OR: 1.56 [1.14 – 2.14]).

Conclusion: Association was found between Periodontitis and Arterial Hypertension. More research is needed in Africa, particularly in Senegal, with larger sample sizes to confirm this association and assess several covariates.